permenides in natural languge?
Concept of common knowledge
Proper names Particulars and universals (hume bundle theory, platonic ontology, aristotle 3rd man, parmenides, relational universals (is darker than), infinite regress, wittgenstein and ontology of facts "the world is all that is the case", "the world is the totality of facts, not of things") Syllogisms and Aristotle Truths of fact and necessity Correspondence theory of truth Coherence theory of truth Coherence theory of justification Foundationalism
modal logic?
Basic beliefs: Incorrigibility (cognito ergo sum)
ideal language philosophy ordinary language philosophy
logical positivism. + problem: how to verify? + problem: not verifiable uninteresting?
lingustics. nominalism vs platonism.
ordinary language philosophy
formal vs natural language
+ we can construct statements + we know some statements to be a-priori true, a-priori false
types of universal: + types + properties + relations
modes of persuasion + logos - reason + ethos - character + pathos - appeal to emotion
types of talk + dialectic + didactic + debate + eristic
universals: + things we talk about have properties. what is the nature of those properties? + these are universals + plato: theory of forms + platonic realism: universals, abstract objects "exist"
universal vs particular abstract vs concrete
what is meant by fact. "the case"
foundationalism. what is root of belief basic beliefs + empiricism (senses) + self evident belifs
dualism vs monism
types of monism: + physicalism + idealism + neutral monism
cartesian dualism
mind: + functionalism? conciousness?
do we have free will?
aritotle question: are the heaven’s teleological or material? implication
vitalism. non-physical element explains living vs non-living.
divine providence and telos. god the sustainer. natural order. general providence, special providence
free will and compatibalism
"substance" monads etc
causation final cause
absolute skepticism
heidegger, phenomenology
consciousness vs self-consciousness
various proofs for god?
rationalists: can rationally get at existance of god (decarte, others?)
heidegger method as different? divine revelation as method?
how we interact with world? leaps of faith. kiirkegaard
Strauds arguement about validity even if claim of mental state is correct Eg someone who believes in absolute good evil can genuinely believe that, but belief could be incorrect. Other person can hold different belief
theory of forms + exemplar vs thing itself + meter bar is exactly 1 meter, but the form of 1 meter doesn’t necessary have length. length(meter bar in paris) = 1 exactly. length(length()) not defined?
but here we have at least a definition. can there be a definition of the good, the just we have this for some words. the large etc
is of identify is of predication
what is there a form of? every type of thing?
logical positivism
semiotics structuralism
Epistemology. We can’t really verify atomic facts. Even our senses are in a sense in the past. Motivates move to probability, Bayes.
Berkeley and empiricism. Statements are like I perceive chair. How do move to chair is real. Can chair be real without perception
Transedental argument Statement about mental state is true. This implies other true statements about noumenal world Generally considered debunked? Role of skepticism here Skeptical of mental beliefs
What statements on our mental state can we make? Heidegger? Dasein, being in the world
bacon new science. materialism. decarte. solopsism. kant unification. material world is projection of min. we experience phenomena world, not thing in it self. noumenal world
falsifiability
plato: + justified true beliefs
decarte: Discourse on the Method
francis bacon method. hume method. how they differ from each other, decarte
aristotle method
pre phenomenology. what can we say cognito ergo sum locke conception of mind hume empericism
after descartes, spinoza? more rationalism. plato before?
empericist history + aristotle + francis bacon + locke + hume
possible states of worlds + monism + neutral monism + materialism + mind body dualism + subjective idealism + dualism
subjective idealism: + bishop berkeley
quine: word and object
ontology definition metaphysics definition
epistemology definition scepticism definition
a priori, synthetic a-priori phenomonon and noumenal world
gettier problems
francis bacon: novum organum
ego id, super ego
being and time?
conscious subconsuious
defined by negation? we are not the other?
the mind: + the problem of other minds
problem of induction somewhere. just because we observe, and thing fits, doesn’t mean we have law
description of empirical knowledge reductionism, substance, holism, emergentism
aristotelian science: + gather data + 4 causes + describe forms? if wrong, change form? eg zoology?
bacon: can do experiemnts to test induction or form? eg aristotle and anvil/feather gravity newton: simplify to allow for mathematical models. test those bacon: do science ith goal of technology. knowledge is power aristotle: classification can be seen as modern "hypothesis"
senses + through sensory input we can say more about a-postori, but complex how. falsifiability, positivity etc + we can create modedls in our heards to understand what we sense
empiricism: + a priori is maths/logic + a postiroi is after knowledge
direct realism vs indirect realism. do we experiencec world, or internal representation of it
page on: + moedlling observations, general concept + Epistemological rationalism + Epistemological skepticism and empiricism + assessing models + page on dualism. is mind part of model? + materialism. everything built up mechanically, computationally. physics naive realism? scientific realism means no such thing as color per se
metaphysical realism. world exists independent of our perception of it. empiricism: some facts can be known through sensory inputs
problem of induction: + popper kuhn: falsifiability instead
idealism. mind is primary? mind builds simulcra of material world to interact with others?
logical positivism: only statements which are tautologies or verifiable